MODULE 12668: Communication and Technologies in Student Learning

Models of information transmission and processing will be evaluated against practical criteria. In particular the use of Information Technologies in education will be considered in relation to pupil performance. New technologies will be compared with older technologies in the building of a model which accounts for the learning gains that can be achieved through the use of information and communication technologies. In particular, the use of computer-based mastery models, developed within the Institute for Learning, will be related to recent developments in Integrated Learning Systems.

Course Objectives

Assessment: All students are required to submit a written piece of work (which may be in electronic form, including hypertext links to web-based resources) of 4,000 to 5,000 words which answers the following main question:

Critically evaluate how theories of learning inform the use of technology to improve student learning.

You should answer this question by referring specifically to:

• information presented during the course: reference must be made to the theories presented during the course and, in particular, how these theories have influenced the development of technologies in education;

• the recommended reading materials that are available as downloads;

• the recommended reading materials that are available in the Brynmor Jones Library (the Class Number for each recommended item is given in RED text);

• and reading that you have undertaken on your own initiative, including additional materials available on the world wide web (Note: many journals are now available electronically).

You have free access to 2 of my books through this link.

• Download: Time-line for the History of Technologies

ESSENTIAL READING:

• Download Handout: Psychology of Learning 1: Early Learning Theories

  reference in your text as:

  • Spencer, K. A. (1991). Early psychological theories of learning and the technology of education. In K. A. Spencer The Psychology of Educational Technology and Instructional Media (pp. 1-11). Liverpool: Manutius Press.

   

You can view  BEHAVIOURISM and LEARNING THEORIES, at the 12668 eBridge site. The presentation has videos from the lecture.

ESSENTIAL READING:

• Download Handout: Programmed Learning

  reference in your text as:

  • Spencer, K. A. (1991). The art of teaching and the science of learning. In K. A. Spencer The Psychology of Educational Technology and Instructional Media (pp. 12-21). Liverpool: Manutius Press.

ADDITIONAL READING:

• Download Kulik Meta-analysis on Programmed Learning

  reference in your text as:

  • Kulik, C. C., Schwalb, B. J. and Kulik, J. A. (1982). Programmed instruction in secondary education: A meta-analysis of evaluation findings. Journal of Educational Research, 75(3), 133-138. q L 11 J86

You can view  BEHAVIOURISM and PROGRAMMED LEARNING at the 12668 eBridge site. The presentation has videos from the lecture.

An interesting modern perspective on Behaviourism and Programmed Learning can be found at:

• Field, J. (2007) Behaviourism and training: the programmed instruction movement in Britain, 1950-1975. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 59(3), 313-329.

Available at:

http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?hid=10&sid=54f73d07-41da-496f-82b7-c114ce301ef5%40sessionmgr13&vid=1&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=ehh&AN=26447412

 

ESSENTIAL READING:

• Download Handout: Mastery Learning

  reference your text as:

  • Spencer, K. A. (1991). Mastery learning. In K. A. Spencer The Psychology of Educational Technology and Instructional Media (pp. 79-114). Liverpool: Manutius Press.

• Download Handout: Behavioural Objectives and Systematic Instruction

  reference your text as:

  • Spencer, K. A. (1991). Behavioural Objectives and Systematic Instruction. In K. A. Spencer The Psychology of Educational Technology and Instructional Media (pp. 53-77). Liverpool: Manutius Press.

• Download Handout: The Audio Tutorial Approach to Learning

  reference your text as:  http://www.hull.ac.uk/php/edskas/edtech/audiotutorial.pdf

   

ADDITIONAL READING:

• Block, J. H. (1971). Mastery learning : theory and practice. New York : Holt, Rinehart. LB 1051 M4

• Ryan, D. W. (1979). Mastery learning : theory, research, and implementation. Toronto : Ontario Institute for Studies in Education , 1979. q LB 1051 R9

• Postlethwait, S.N., Novak, J. & Murray, H. J. (1972). The audio-tutorial approach to learning, through independent study and integrated experiences. Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Company. LB 1043 P8

• Russell, J. D. (1978). The audio-tutorial system. N.J.: Educational Technology Publications. LB 1042.7 R9

• Kulik, J. A., Kulik, C. C. & Cohen, P. A. (1979). Research on audio-tutorial instruction : a meta-analysis of comparative studies. Research in Higher Education, 11, 321-341. BJL Short Loan XEROX

• Download: Recovering reading using computer mastery programmes

You can view  MASTERY LEARNING and the AUDIO TUTORIAL APPROACH at the 12668 eBridge site. The presentation has videos from the lecture.

Semester Week 7,

8th November, Session 6: COMPUTER-BASED LEARNING: INTEGRATED LEARNING SYSTEMS

• Download PowerPoint presentation on computer-based learning and Integrated Learning Systems

• Download commentary on computer-based learning and Integrated Learning Systems.

• GO TO "RM SuccessMaker ILS site" reference: http://www.rm.com/products/successmaker/

ADDITIONAL READING

• BECTA (1998). The UK ILS Evaluations: Final Report. Coventry : British Educational Communications and Technology Agency.   q LB 1028.5 I6

• NCET (1996) Integrated learning systems : a report on phase II of the pilot evaluation of ILS in the UK. Coventry: NCET. LB 1028.5 I6

• NCET (1994) Integrated learning systems : a report of the pilot evaluation of ILS in the UK - January 1994 to July 1994. Coventry : NCET. LB 1028.5 I6

• Underwood, J. D.M. & Brown, J. (1997). Integrated learning systems : potential into practice. N.J.: Educational Technology. LB 1028.5 I6

• McFarlane, A. (1999) ILS : a guide to good practice. Coventry : British Educational Communications and Technology Agency. q LB 1028.5 I6

• Kulik, J. A. (1994): Meta-analytic studies of findings on Computer-based learning. In E. L. Baker and H. F. O’Neil (Eds.) Technology Assessment in Education and Training (pp. 9-33). N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum. In SHORT LOAN collection

• Bayraktar, S. (2002) A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in science education. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 34, 173-188.

ESSENTIAL READING:

• Willows D. M. and Houghton, H. A. (1987) The psychology of illustration : v.1 : basic research. New York : Springer. LB 1067.5 P9

You can view  VISUAL ILLUSTRATIONS at the 12668 eBridge site. The presentation has data from previous practical sessions.

You can view  AUDIO VISUAL THEORY and MEDIA at the 12668 eBridge site. The presentation has videos from the lecture.

• Download K.A. Spencer (1991) The Psychology of Educational Technology and Instructional Media. Liverpool: Manutius Press. Chapter 6: Constructing Reality (Piagetian perspectives)

• Download K.A. Spencer (1991) The Psychology of Educational Technology and Instructional Media. Liverpool: Manutius Press. Chapter 7 (Bruner, Vygotsky and constructivism)

ADDITIONAL READING

• Piaget, J. (1971) Science of education and the psychology of the child. London : Longman. LB 775 P5

• Phillips, D.C. (2000). Constructivism in education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. LB 1590.3 C7

• Richardson, V. (1997). Constructivist teacher education. London : Falmer. LB 1707 C7

• Shayer, M. and Adey, P. (1994). Really raising standards : cognitive intervention and academic achievement. London : Routledge. LB 1590.3 A2

• Jonassen, D. H. (2003) Learning to solve problems with technology : a constructivist perspective. N.J.: Merrill Prentice Hall  LB 1028.3 L4

• Kozma R.B. (1994). Will Media Influence Learning? Educational Technology Research and Development, 42, 7-19. LB 1028.3 E241 LINK TO JOURNAL

• Gilbert, N. J. & Driscoll, M. P. (2002). Collaborative knowledge building: A case study. Educational Technology, Research and Development, 50, 59-79. LB 1028.3 E241 DOWNLOAD: Collaborative knowledge building: A case study

• Lou, Y., Abrami, P. C. & d'Apollonia, S. (2001) Small group and individual learning with technology: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 71, 449-521. DOWNLOAD: Small group and individual learning with technology

• Spencer, K.A. (1999) On becoming an expert, virtually. A paper presented at CAL99 "Virtuality in Education" Conference, 28-31 March, London, UK.DOWNLOAD: On becoming an expert, virtually.

• A useful discussion of constructivism and education can be found in Chapter 4 of Xing, M. & Spencer, K. (2004). Multimedia in language and culture. Liverpool: Manutius Press. LB 2395.7 X7 2 copies are available in the library, but you can download a PDF file of the book here: DOWNLOAD

• Connectivism is a new "theory" that attempts to deal with new developments in digital learning. The following link gives an interesting overview of the approach and also provides links to articles in its bibliography: LINK

• Download Paper on Learning Styles

The most relevant section in this report is 3.2: The Dunn and Dunn model and instruments of learning styles (starts on page 20 of the document). This model is often used to justify the application of VAK learning styles to Interactive Whiteboards (see the paper below for an evaluation of this technology).

• OPEN spreadsheet for calculating VAK scores

The above spreadsheet enables you to calculate your VAK score: see if the calculated score fits with your own perception of your learning style.

• Download Paper on Interactive Whiteboards

This paper gives an overview of one of the most recent teaching technologies to be used in UK schools.

EXAMPLES of interactive white board (IWB) in the classroom

Play History example

Play English example 1

Play English example 2

Play Maths example 1

Play Maths example 2

Play Modern Foreign Language example

Play Geography example 1

Play Geography example 2

 

• Download: Modes, media and methods: the search for educational effectiveness Spencer, K.A. (1991) Modes, media and methods: the search for educational effectiveness, British Journal of Educational Technology, 22(1), 12-22.

• Download: Silicon Valley versus Silicon Glen: the impact of computers upon teaching and learning: a comparative study. Conlon, T. & Simpson, M. (2003) Silicon Valley versus Silicon Glen: the impact of computers upon teaching and learning: a comparative study. British Journal of Educational Technology, 34, 137–150.

• Download: Oversold and underused: computers in the classroom. Cuban, L. (2002) Oversold and underused: Computers in the classroom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

• Download: ICT—the hopes and the reality. Reynolds, D., Treharne, D. & Tripp, H. (2003) ICT—the hopes and the reality. British Journal of Educational Technology, 34, 151–167.

• Download: Recovering reading using computer mastery programmes Spencer, K. A. (1996) Recovering reading using computer mastery programmes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 27, 191-203.

• Download: Comparisons of web-based learning with traditional methods, 2006 Sitzman, T. el al. (2006) The comparative effectiveness of web-based and classroom instruction: a meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 59, 623-664.

• Download: Comparisons of distance learning (including web-based) with traditional methods, 2004 Bernard, R. M. et al. (2004) How Does Distance Education Compare with Classroom Instruction? A Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Literature, Review of Educational Research, 74, 379-439.