SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION Dataset 66 Limfjord Fisheries 1859-1879 Shifting Baselines: INCOFISH WP2 Data Pages Please include the following citation when quoting from this Dataset: CITATION Marboe, Anne Husum, ‘Limfjord Fisheries 1859-79’, in D.J. Starkey & J.H. Nicholls (comp.) Shifting Baselines: INCOFISH WP2 Data Pages (www.hull.ac.uk/incofish) 1. Summary Dataset Title: Limfjord Fisheries 1859-79’ Large Marine Ecosystem: 22: North Sea Subject: catch & fishing manpower effort and income based statistics in the Limfjord (Denmark), various species, 1859-1879 Data Provider: Anne Husum Marboe Dept of Environmental, Social & Spatial Change Roskilde University Denmark Email: marboe@ruk.dk Data Editor: David J Starkey, MHSC, University of Hull d.j.starkey@hull.ac.uk Extent: 899 records Keywords: Historical statistics; INCOFISH WP2; Limfjord fisheries; catch per unit effort. Citation (a) The dataset: please cite as follows: Marboe, Anne Husum, ‘Limfjord Fisheries 1859-79’, in D.J. Starkey & J.H. Nicholls (comp.) Shifting Baselines: INCOFISH WP2 Data Pages (www.hull.ac.uk/incofish) (b) Supporting documentation: please cite as follows: Marboe, Anne Husum, ‘INCOFISH Dataset 66: Limfjord Fisheries 1859-79’, Supporting Documentation’, D.J. Starkey & J.H. Nicholls (comp.) Shifting Baselines: INCOFISH WP2 Data Pages (www.hull.ac.uk/incofish) 2. Research Context & Objectives Fisheries statistic from 1859 to 1879 for the Limfjord fisheries. The origin of the data: In 1857 a new legislation was introduced to regulate the fisheries. The most important section was the institution of a new governmental control. The governmental control was sea based and complemented the land based control by the parish authorities and the local police. The control was instituted to help rebuild fish stocks, primarily the herring, to former magnitudes. The Limfjord herring fisheries saw a downfall from 1820 onwards. The eel and flounder fisheries took over as the important fisheries. The ministry of interior appointed Counsellor B. Andersen as superintendent to oversee the control. In the years from 1859 to 1879 B. Andersen collected statistical information of the Limfjord fisheries which was submitted to the ministry of interior each year and presented in the parliament. The data was published in the Danish fisheries periodical “Tidsskrift for Fiskeri” from 1870 to 1879. The data: The statistics contain information about the different fisheries: Eel, herring, flounder, cod, lobster and oyster fisheries. For each of the fisheries the different gears are listed with the number of gear, number of full time fishermen, part time fishermen, women, gross income of the fishery, amount for the maintenance the gear and the net income of the fishery. The total value of the Limfjord fishery on annual basis is also listed. Based on the net value of fishery with a particularly gear given the number of gear and the total number of fishermen it is possible to calculate the IPUE, income per unit effort: Net income / number of gear. The value of the data: Andersen’s statistics are not to be counted as official fishery statistics. Andersen collected information about the fisheries from various sources: The parish executive officer and judge of the local inferior court as well as from his assistants and local fishermen. We know only little about the method and systematic Andersen’s used to collect the data, however he presented the statistics in a consistent tabular form every year which makes the information useful. The data are followed by a short text explaining the result of the year. Every year Andersen notices that some considerations should be taken towards the statistical information. The local fishermen tend to estimate their income to low and their expenses to repair the gear to high. Andersen states the reasons for this to be that fishermen didn’t keep accounts and they were afraid that higher taxes should be claimed. These reasons seem to be the valid from a modern historian point of view. 3. Primary Source Materials Andersen, B. Skematisk Beretning over Fiskeriet i Limfjorden i afvigte Aar, at regne fra 1. April 1867 til 31. Marts 1868 in Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A. Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1870, 4 Aarg., p. 93-95. Andersen, B. Beretning om Fiskeriet i Limfjorden fra 1. April 1868 til 31. Marts 1869 in Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A. Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1870, 4 Aarg., p. 230-236. Andersen, B. Tabellarisk Oversigt over Limfjordsfiskeriet i de 4 Aar fra 1ste April 1859 til 31te Marts 1869 efter de af Kontrolløren for bemældte Fiskeri til Indenrigsministeriet indgivne og i Departementstidende optagne Indberetninger in Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A. Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1870, 4 Aarg., p. 290-295. Andersen, B. Beretning om Fiskeriet i Limfjorden fra 1. April 1869 til 31. Marts 1870 in Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A. Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1870, 5 Aarg., p. 214-216. Andersen, B. Beretning om Fiskeriet i Limfjorden fra 1. April 1870 til 31. Marts 1871 in Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A. Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1872, 6 Aarg., p. 203-206. Andersen, B. Beretning om Fiskeriet i Limfjorden fra 1. April 1871 til 31. Marts 1872 in Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A. Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1873, 7 Aarg., p. 172-174. Andersen, B. Skematisk Indberetning over Fiskeriet i Limfjorden fra 1. April 1872 til 31. Marts 1873 in Boeck, T., Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A, Widegren, H. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1874, 1 Aarg., p. 385-387. Andersen, B. Skematisk Indberetning over Fiskeriet i Limfjorden fra 1. April 1873 til 31. Marts 1874 in Boeck, T., Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A, Widegren, H. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1875, 2 Aarg., p. 55-56. Andersen, B. Beretning om Fiskeriet i Limfjorden, at regne fra 1. April 1874 til 31. Marts 1875 in Boeck, T., Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A, Widegren, H. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1876, 3 Aarg., p. 58-59. Andersen, B. Fiskeriet i Limfjorden i Aarene 1875-76 og 1876-77 in Boeck, T., Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A, Widegren, H. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1878, 4 Aarg., p. 220-223. Andersen, B. Udbyttet af Fiskeriet i Limfjorden i Aarene 1877/78 – 1878/79 in Boeck, T., Fiedler, H. V., Feddersen, A, Widegren, H. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Fiskeri. København, 1879, 5 Aarg., p. 300-303. 4. Metadata: Explanation of Data Fields The entries below are outlined as per the field headings of INCOFISH Dataset 66. An explanation is offered for each field in general terms, and also in dataset specific terms. ID ID is the unique, consecutive serial numbers for the complete INCOFISH database. InstitutionCode InstitutionCode is the name given to the overall project of which this Dataset forms a part (INCOFISH). CollectionCode CollectionCode is the specific INCOFISH project Dataset reference code (used for OBIS referencing purposes). DateLastModified This is the date when the data were last modified. CASE_STUDY CASE_STUDY is the location identifying description of the Dataset. In this instance: Limfjord Fisheries, North Sea / inland sea. DATASET DATASET is the INCOFISH project unique Dataset reference. PERIOD The Historical Period covered. ID_NUMBERS This field contains the range of record numbers shown in the ID field. REFERENCE REFERENCE refers to the source of records employed in the research. publication_date This is the date when the Dataset was published. GENERAL_DESCRIPTION This is a brief description of the Dataset. Citation Citation is the field where the formal attribution is shown for users of the INCOFISH Datasets to cite; it credits the researchers and editors of a Dataset together with its database compilers. This citation must be quoted whenever records are referenced or employed for any purpose. Please quote the relevant citation when using extracts or details from this Dataset: Marboe, Anne Husum, ‘Limfjord Fisheries 1859-79’, in D.J. Starkey & J.H. Nicholls (comp.) Shifting Baselines: INCOFISH WP2 Data Pages (www.hull.ac.uk/incofish) BasisOfRecord BasisOfRecord is the abbreviation applied that indicates whether the record is based on observations (O), living organisms (L), specimens (S), germplasm/seeds (G), photos (P), or from literature with original basis unknown (D); the INCOFISH value is generally 'O'. OCEAN_REGION This field indicates the specific Ocean Region where the Dataset research has been carried out. If this field shows 'None', then the research reflects activities carried out in non-seaward locations (e.g. in rivers, weir fishing, etc.). In this Dataset, the North East Atlantic region was researched. LME This field indicates the name of the Ecosystem where the record event occurred. To find out more about LMEs (which are confined to continental shelf regions) browse the Large Marine Ecosystem site (http://www.edc.uri.edu/lme/) where LME GIS data may be downloaded. In this Dataset, the North Sea region was researched. LME_NUMBER This field indicates the number of the LME that is shown in the previous field. In this Dataset, the LME number is 22. REGION This field indicates the specific region of the Dataset. GROUND The GROUND is the fishing ground(s) of dataset. LATITUDE The LATITUDE refers to a mean value of the species distribution from surveys and should be cross referenced with the LONGITUDE field for specific location determination. LAT_PRECISION This gives the actual precision of the calculated LATITUDE field. The available options are: * Approx Approximate position * Estimated Estimated position * Exact Exact position * Ground Centre Notional centre of the relevant fishing ground * Unknown Position not known LONGITUDE The LONGITUDE refers to a mean value of the species distribution from surveys and should be cross referenced with the LATITUDE field for specific location determination. LON_PRECISION This gives the actual precision of the calculated LONGITUDE field. The available options are: * Approx Approximate position * Estimated Estimated position * Exact Exact position * Ground Centre Notional centre of the relevant fishing ground * Unknown Position not known ST_YEAR This field refers to the start year of the beginning of the sampling. EN_YEAR This field refers to the end year of the end of the sampling. Unless the sampling spanned an extensive period, this value is usually the same as the ST_YEAR field entry. ST_DATE This field refers to the date observation commenced. EN_DATE This field refers to the date observation concluded. DAYS_FISHING This is the actual number of fishing days involved. ScientificName This field indicates the scientific name of the species under investigation which is linked to the INCOFISH related FISH BASE database containing detailed information about the species that were sampled. … SPECIES FIELDS… The following fields are included to add detail to the Species data: * Subspecies * GENUS * SPECIES * FAMILY * ORDER * CLASS * PHYLUM * KINGDOM * AUTHOR HOME_PORT This is the home port of the fleet employed in the sampling. NATION The Nationality of the Fishing operation is indicated here. OPERATOR The name of the operator is indicated. EFFORT_GEAR Where known this field shows the EFFORT_GEAR i.e. showing the number of gear, nets, manpower etc. used as the unit of effort. EFFORT_UNIT_GEAR This is the Unit of Effort employed i.e. type of gear. It is an indicator of the primary gear used in the fishery; it indicates the means by which samples were extracted. This is typically the actual method of fishing, such as "Bottom Trawl". EFFORT_MANPOWER Where known the type of effort employed is shown, i.e. the number of fishermen involved in a particularly fishery. EFFORT_UNIT This is the Unit of Effort employed i.e. the power of one man METHOD This field shows the type of gear involved. . It is an indicator of the primary gear used in the fishery; it indicates the means by which samples were extracted. This is typically the actual method of fishing, such as "Bottom Trawl". CATCH_MT This field shows the yearly catch in metric tonnes. Where this data is not available, a value of "unknown" is entered. CATCH_N This is the number of specimens sampled for the yearly catch. Where this data is not available, a value of "unknown" is entered. FISHERMEN_TOTAL The total number of fishermen in a specific fishery during the season this year. FISHERMEN_FULL TIME The total number of fishermen fulltime engaged in a specific fishery during the season. FISHERMEN_PARTTIME The total number of fishermen part time engaged in a specific fishery during the season. Note that women are excluded in the number. TOTAL_INCOME_GROSS This field shows the total gross income of a specific type of fishery during the year. Amounts are in the old Danish currency ‘Rigsdaler’ and ‘Skilling’ until 1874. From 1874 onwards the currency is Danish ‘Kroner’ and ‘Øre’. TOTAL_EXPENSES_MAINTENANCE This field shows the total expenses for maintain gear and boats. Amounts are in the old Danish currency ‘Rigsdaler’ and ‘Skilling’ until 1874. From 1874 onwards the currency is Danish ‘Kroner’ and ‘Øre’. TOTAL_INCOME_NET This field shows the net income of a specific type of fishery. Amounts are in the old Danish currency ‘Rigsdaler’ and ‘Skilling’ until 1874. From 1874 onwards the currency is Danish ‘Kroner’ and ‘Øre’. PROCESS This is a description of the process applied to the original unit. IPUE The IPUE field (Income Per Unit Effort) is expressed as: TOTAL_INCOME_GROSS / EFFORT (number of fishing units employed). NOTES Notes to clarify specific records. The NOTES field gives detailed information specific to a particular record. The details are provided to clarify specific entries and where further explanation is required than is generally provided in this METADATA file. For complete and academically verifiable explanations, refer to the published research materials that are indicated in the REFERENCE field. Enquiries regarding the information contained in this document and the accompanying dataset should be directed to David J Starkey (d.j.starkey@hull.ac.uk) or John Nicholls (j.nicholls@hull.ac.uk). Shifting Baselines: INCOFISH WP2 Data Pages (www.hull.ac.uk/incofish) Dataset 66: Limfjord Fisheries Page 9 of 9